Block #128,152

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/22/2013, 1:01:11 AM · Difficulty 9.7833 · 6,689,675 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
59c3c62c58a463c06dac3080f905d85082b4a4155bf712153105f3d0c07814e5

Height

#128,152

Difficulty

9.783286

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

09c88568

Nonce

343,078

Timestamp

8/22/2013, 1:01:11 AM

Confirmations

6,689,675

Merkle Root

3b44bc9eee09d9d7285d7f8b676f4b353e843de958d5330bc2f9787cd804e602
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.623 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
36234315958168270105…06589510048046459581
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.623 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
36234315958168270105…06589510048046459581
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
7.246 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
72468631916336540211…13179020096092919161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.449 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14493726383267308042…26358040192185838321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.898 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28987452766534616084…52716080384371676641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.797 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
57974905533069232168…05432160768743353281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.159 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11594981106613846433…10864321537486706561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.318 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23189962213227692867…21728643074973413121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.637 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
46379924426455385735…43457286149946826241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
9.275 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
92759848852910771470…86914572299893652481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,786,680 XPM·at block #6,817,826 · updates every 60s
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