Block #127,153

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/21/2013, 8:25:05 AM · Difficulty 9.7831 · 6,683,007 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
2cae3f5de46a78dcec2fac29f5d597eb598b1f1a58ef9ad6ef2b4ebcc402aa80

Height

#127,153

Difficulty

9.783146

Transactions

5

Size

1.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

09c87c49

Nonce

239,079

Timestamp

8/21/2013, 8:25:05 AM

Confirmations

6,683,007

Merkle Root

288f1a46ffc2d08566fd408efa12d94483eeae2d9bf3eaff86e8f62962a8d18c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.721 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17212170423561605605…22841302649196913301
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.721 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17212170423561605605…22841302649196913301
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.442 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34424340847123211210…45682605298393826601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.884 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
68848681694246422420…91365210596787653201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.376 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13769736338849284484…82730421193575306401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.753 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27539472677698568968…65460842387150612801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.507 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55078945355397137936…30921684774301225601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.101 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11015789071079427587…61843369548602451201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.203 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
22031578142158855174…23686739097204902401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.406 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
44063156284317710348…47373478194409804801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,725,347 XPM·at block #6,810,159 · updates every 60s
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