Block #126,872

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/21/2013, 4:06:09 AM · Difficulty 9.7822 · 6,683,753 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c1bac85c22b7cb5615c93ea33e769bb4587d0855e98698fbeca07a8339bd7b46

Height

#126,872

Difficulty

9.782184

Transactions

12

Size

4.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

09c83d33

Nonce

832,973

Timestamp

8/21/2013, 4:06:09 AM

Confirmations

6,683,753

Merkle Root

c9c226cfa266b7685722905ca38872a61baef53e26f4d1d52e6b7a8527bdb8e1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.480 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14805693773532605340…28838943118519061369
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14805693773532605340…28838943118519061369
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14805693773532605340…28838943118519061371
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.961 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29611387547065210680…57677886237038122739
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.961 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29611387547065210680…57677886237038122741
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.922 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59222775094130421360…15355772474076245479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.922 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59222775094130421360…15355772474076245481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11844555018826084272…30711544948152490959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11844555018826084272…30711544948152490961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.368 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23689110037652168544…61423089896304981919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,729,086 XPM·at block #6,810,624 · updates every 60s
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