Block #1,267,210

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/4/2015, 9:18:03 PM · Difficulty 10.8190 · 5,543,633 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bb22ec6e525dd6d8105ed6c9c9d24cee4d0d07bc9fd18a34f8fa518595781032

Height

#1,267,210

Difficulty

10.818977

Transactions

9

Size

3.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ad1a87b

Nonce

635,407,273

Timestamp

10/4/2015, 9:18:03 PM

Confirmations

5,543,633

Merkle Root

2236bf3a4693230c89ee4d86f3fee7bc6c762905a71af5c3e77315ce4931a3bd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.553 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15531053320091043351…65397148916165258559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.553 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15531053320091043351…65397148916165258559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.553 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15531053320091043351…65397148916165258561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.106 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31062106640182086703…30794297832330517119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.106 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31062106640182086703…30794297832330517121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.212 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62124213280364173406…61588595664661034239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.212 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
62124213280364173406…61588595664661034241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12424842656072834681…23177191329322068479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.242 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12424842656072834681…23177191329322068481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.484 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24849685312145669362…46354382658644136959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.484 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24849685312145669362…46354382658644136961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,730,839 XPM·at block #6,810,842 · updates every 60s
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