Block #125,222

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/20/2013, 2:53:31 AM · Difficulty 9.7761 · 6,681,487 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f6a2a991fc00cd3bbaebbf52cff81e410413e84c92f0b72497e852089e6971d6

Height

#125,222

Difficulty

9.776086

Transactions

3

Size

1.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09c6ad8f

Nonce

873,546

Timestamp

8/20/2013, 2:53:31 AM

Confirmations

6,681,487

Merkle Root

bced4a9a3610744e350d6132e7664a3ce871a33f630c92c3f06cdb0d71efe7fc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.997 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89971473452381736834…44928359088953168981
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.997 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89971473452381736834…44928359088953168981
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.799 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17994294690476347366…89856718177906337961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.598 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35988589380952694733…79713436355812675921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.197 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
71977178761905389467…59426872711625351841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.439 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
14395435752381077893…18853745423250703681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.879 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
28790871504762155787…37707490846501407361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.758 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
57581743009524311574…75414981693002814721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.151 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11516348601904862314…50829963386005629441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.303 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
23032697203809724629…01659926772011258881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,697,769 XPM·at block #6,806,708 · updates every 60s
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