Block #1,240,112

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/17/2015, 2:03:34 AM · Difficulty 10.7568 · 5,574,276 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4394de7e170a8a03be0b868b2a3abcbdf0eaed4d22086fee8e515b82c2811a33

Height

#1,240,112

Difficulty

10.756789

Transactions

14

Size

3.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac1bcf2

Nonce

1,167,896,974

Timestamp

9/17/2015, 2:03:34 AM

Confirmations

5,574,276

Merkle Root

5497d70e4f2e417b78c6a337c34dff65177ebcbb976852be387eadcd012b9601
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22159884493705689022…93792573752438124719
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22159884493705689022…93792573752438124719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
22159884493705689022…93792573752438124721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.431 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44319768987411378044…87585147504876249439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.431 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44319768987411378044…87585147504876249441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.863 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
88639537974822756088…75170295009752498879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.863 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
88639537974822756088…75170295009752498881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.772 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17727907594964551217…50340590019504997759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.772 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17727907594964551217…50340590019504997761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.545 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35455815189929102435…00681180039009995519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.545 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35455815189929102435…00681180039009995521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,759,165 XPM·at block #6,814,387 · updates every 60s
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