Block #1,237,114

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/15/2015, 12:02:36 AM · Difficulty 10.7569 · 5,578,921 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c16b26f5037debdc77a813f1ea4cec9c753da5a70d351ec55f6ce5d916e1a268

Height

#1,237,114

Difficulty

10.756942

Transactions

6

Size

2.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac1c6f7

Nonce

11,130,336

Timestamp

9/15/2015, 12:02:36 AM

Confirmations

5,578,921

Merkle Root

cd255fdedd5ba4213504cab0c103d443fe9bd012a75216c24c35f08c5a763d32
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.610 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26101102597537616851…02010054914545684479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.610 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26101102597537616851…02010054914545684479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.610 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26101102597537616851…02010054914545684481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.220 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52202205195075233702…04020109829091368959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.220 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52202205195075233702…04020109829091368961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.044 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10440441039015046740…08040219658182737919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.044 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10440441039015046740…08040219658182737921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.088 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20880882078030093481…16080439316365475839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.088 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
20880882078030093481…16080439316365475841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.176 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41761764156060186962…32160878632730951679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.176 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
41761764156060186962…32160878632730951681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,772,394 XPM·at block #6,816,034 · updates every 60s
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