Block #1,226,117

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/7/2015, 3:16:32 PM · Difficulty 10.7369 · 5,616,565 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ddfc89a206458484fe2c5057e7541ff15bc676aa2bc7cc304cb115a9e2bb530b

Height

#1,226,117

Difficulty

10.736865

Transactions

6

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

0abca32c

Nonce

433,094,865

Timestamp

9/7/2015, 3:16:32 PM

Confirmations

5,616,565

Merkle Root

9c932e1860dec6c5318fe3532b3bca0c58b0310def8cb3f325e01b4172fd1401
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.576 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15761044843722710418…42352733885788254079
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.576 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15761044843722710418…42352733885788254079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.576 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15761044843722710418…42352733885788254081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.152 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31522089687445420836…84705467771576508159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.152 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31522089687445420836…84705467771576508161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.304 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63044179374890841673…69410935543153016319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.304 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
63044179374890841673…69410935543153016321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.260 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12608835874978168334…38821871086306032639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.260 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12608835874978168334…38821871086306032641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.521 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25217671749956336669…77643742172612065279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.521 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25217671749956336669…77643742172612065281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,985,802 XPM·at block #6,842,681 · updates every 60s
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