Block #1,207,621

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/25/2015, 6:12:08 AM · Difficulty 10.7735 · 5,595,888 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ccc42d12e0a12e78a8a8fad7860df84004f635d02c9527b9902233b109e430f9

Height

#1,207,621

Difficulty

10.773531

Transactions

12

Size

4.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac60623

Nonce

1,512,496,728

Timestamp

8/25/2015, 6:12:08 AM

Confirmations

5,595,888

Merkle Root

e9a7ef6dd409348618561057c8f96861c7e922d8a52fe2cb7eab76f6b00176af
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.021 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90214238791450011960…34951635171504383999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.021 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90214238791450011960…34951635171504383999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.021 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90214238791450011960…34951635171504384001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.804 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18042847758290002392…69903270343008767999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.804 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18042847758290002392…69903270343008768001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.608 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36085695516580004784…39806540686017535999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.608 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36085695516580004784…39806540686017536001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.217 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72171391033160009568…79613081372035071999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.217 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72171391033160009568…79613081372035072001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.443 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14434278206632001913…59226162744070143999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.443 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14434278206632001913…59226162744070144001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,672,097 XPM·at block #6,803,508 · updates every 60s
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