Block #1,206,731

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/24/2015, 12:37:32 PM · Difficulty 10.7808 · 5,610,340 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
14b0ad1dfe7f331dbe8bffc936e88d5d00263ce0f57597e451aec32093ae2a17

Height

#1,206,731

Difficulty

10.780818

Transactions

34

Size

12.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac7e3a8

Nonce

717,165,793

Timestamp

8/24/2015, 12:37:32 PM

Confirmations

5,610,340

Merkle Root

a174de29f3c12e8e377b833e67214fab78487ae4449d4b9714aa5e86d4f630b2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.754 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27544254785032474572…04802019687544084799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.754 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27544254785032474572…04802019687544084799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.754 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27544254785032474572…04802019687544084801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.508 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55088509570064949145…09604039375088169599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.508 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
55088509570064949145…09604039375088169601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.101 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11017701914012989829…19208078750176339199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.101 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11017701914012989829…19208078750176339201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22035403828025979658…38416157500352678399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22035403828025979658…38416157500352678401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44070807656051959316…76832315000705356799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44070807656051959316…76832315000705356801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,780,604 XPM·at block #6,817,070 · updates every 60s
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