Block #1,205,497

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/23/2015, 12:40:23 PM · Difficulty 10.7894 · 5,609,356 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
15adf40f2ff4a49a555aafe399959097a30da454baf3f006378bd5ffc0c5fbfa

Height

#1,205,497

Difficulty

10.789359

Transactions

6

Size

2.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aca1370

Nonce

3,155,186,149

Timestamp

8/23/2015, 12:40:23 PM

Confirmations

5,609,356

Merkle Root

f9ab090c2c489c1d3a5a52e95d88645ab2274493ff0b36f1d04718c482626570
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.396 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43964964454949430312…03920750661821049179
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.396 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43964964454949430312…03920750661821049179
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.396 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
43964964454949430312…03920750661821049181
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.792 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87929928909898860625…07841501323642098359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.792 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
87929928909898860625…07841501323642098361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17585985781979772125…15683002647284196719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17585985781979772125…15683002647284196721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.517 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35171971563959544250…31366005294568393439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.517 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35171971563959544250…31366005294568393441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.034 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70343943127919088500…62732010589136786879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.034 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
70343943127919088500…62732010589136786881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,762,907 XPM·at block #6,814,852 · updates every 60s
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