Block #112,331

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/11/2013, 10:33:48 PM · Difficulty 9.7200 · 6,697,187 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a32f9b03e437c2ea07dff9bf9100bc57a444b98bc3457fe39d92d9b9a6b87fdf

Height

#112,331

Difficulty

9.720048

Transactions

17

Size

9.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

09b85513

Nonce

161

Timestamp

8/11/2013, 10:33:48 PM

Confirmations

6,697,187

Merkle Root

817999365072010b89d9253e905c3beacde8da18b3545616833a03147ecfc65b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.070 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
40707889435939343118…48353831210881549121
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.070 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
40707889435939343118…48353831210881549121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.141 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
81415778871878686236…96707662421763098241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.628 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
16283155774375737247…93415324843526196481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.256 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
32566311548751474494…86830649687052392961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.513 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
65132623097502948989…73661299374104785921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.302 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13026524619500589797…47322598748209571841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.605 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
26053049239001179595…94645197496419143681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.210 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
52106098478002359191…89290394992838287361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.042 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10421219695600471838…78580789985676574721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,720,220 XPM·at block #6,809,517 · updates every 60s
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