Block #1,102,635

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/13/2015, 11:04:45 AM · Difficulty 10.7566 · 5,704,123 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4b2845bca6eaeaa2d1cce7579ab97290f32177a3b0fb2c90a4399ccb812c0a55

Height

#1,102,635

Difficulty

10.756555

Transactions

6

Size

88.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac1ad9b

Nonce

558,197,567

Timestamp

6/13/2015, 11:04:45 AM

Confirmations

5,704,123

Merkle Root

bd594969b8ad25fce1ec64ddb68394efab43918c5e4ccdebdf5935f4c5db6e41
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.263 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12634471957409016271…24225167392768049599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.263 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12634471957409016271…24225167392768049599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.263 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12634471957409016271…24225167392768049601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.526 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25268943914818032542…48450334785536099199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.526 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25268943914818032542…48450334785536099201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.053 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50537887829636065084…96900669571072198399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.053 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50537887829636065084…96900669571072198401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10107577565927213016…93801339142144396799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.010 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10107577565927213016…93801339142144396801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.021 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20215155131854426033…87602678284288793599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.021 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20215155131854426033…87602678284288793601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,698,164 XPM·at block #6,806,757 · updates every 60s
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