Block #1,084,514

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/31/2015, 5:36:01 PM · Difficulty 10.7660 · 5,730,448 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
481f5e50caa063622a94e3a325778532b4fc76da2f42a6e2e2f427b5339f582d

Height

#1,084,514

Difficulty

10.766004

Transactions

15

Size

3.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac418d3

Nonce

1,024,228,163

Timestamp

5/31/2015, 5:36:01 PM

Confirmations

5,730,448

Merkle Root

858162304fb49ea586d9ada82bed0e4c2f91824195f27f521449a92dcb2d1e14
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.482 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14826453968251701861…56069922273449670159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.482 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14826453968251701861…56069922273449670159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.482 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14826453968251701861…56069922273449670161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.965 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29652907936503403722…12139844546899340319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.965 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29652907936503403722…12139844546899340321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59305815873006807444…24279689093798680639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.930 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59305815873006807444…24279689093798680641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.186 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11861163174601361488…48559378187597361279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.186 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11861163174601361488…48559378187597361281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.372 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23722326349202722977…97118756375194722559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.372 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23722326349202722977…97118756375194722561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,763,791 XPM·at block #6,814,961 · updates every 60s
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