Block #107,822

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/9/2013, 5:16:53 PM · Difficulty 9.6365 · 6,694,748 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2d790719bc388a21d57fa0c20916462a8118b1105e3c7e635bbadcbdc5f0fc10

Height

#107,822

Difficulty

9.636499

Transactions

13

Size

3.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

09a2f19d

Nonce

55,605

Timestamp

8/9/2013, 5:16:53 PM

Confirmations

6,694,748

Merkle Root

75364a5ffe9477bf11adef67b80315b73628f55da7a8a0faa620d483f1d94819
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.032 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
30321672854155606966…48009171321519406639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.032 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
30321672854155606966…48009171321519406639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.032 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
30321672854155606966…48009171321519406641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.064 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
60643345708311213933…96018342643038813279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.064 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
60643345708311213933…96018342643038813281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.212 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
12128669141662242786…92036685286077626559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.212 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
12128669141662242786…92036685286077626561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.425 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
24257338283324485573…84073370572155253119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.425 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
24257338283324485573…84073370572155253121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.851 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
48514676566648971146…68146741144310506239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,664,575 XPM·at block #6,802,569 · updates every 60s
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