Block #1,058,870

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/14/2015, 11:04:32 AM · Difficulty 10.7259 · 5,744,739 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ae3317e95683b8cffbc391c59f7819dd9d464a9572536319503b2a931056c9a4

Height

#1,058,870

Difficulty

10.725919

Transactions

6

Size

3.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab9d5ce

Nonce

123,841,946

Timestamp

5/14/2015, 11:04:32 AM

Confirmations

5,744,739

Merkle Root

2fbc794c420a99aec5998f9bf39c17ea2d35c9fc985f0426bcabc24d5151a13b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.763 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67634101096251413893…49512939797213379359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.763 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67634101096251413893…49512939797213379359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.763 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67634101096251413893…49512939797213379361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.352 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13526820219250282778…99025879594426758719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.352 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13526820219250282778…99025879594426758721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.705 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27053640438500565557…98051759188853517439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.705 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27053640438500565557…98051759188853517441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.410 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54107280877001131114…96103518377707034879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.410 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54107280877001131114…96103518377707034881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.082 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10821456175400226222…92207036755414069759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.082 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10821456175400226222…92207036755414069761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,672,908 XPM·at block #6,803,608 · updates every 60s
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