Block #105,669

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/8/2013, 3:22:09 PM · Difficulty 9.5903 · 6,710,850 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
218691f386c83b5da39ef4f003bd89b6daabc6d043888bc94a29dab35863d7c0

Height

#105,669

Difficulty

9.590312

Transactions

2

Size

1.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

09971eab

Nonce

28,970

Timestamp

8/8/2013, 3:22:09 PM

Confirmations

6,710,850

Merkle Root

e5bef65245391eb89c4256c3667ab998d2af0813317aa08c5aee6f217a336aea
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.830 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
78300430304456573421…00441901636479054621
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.830 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
78300430304456573421…00441901636479054621
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.566 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15660086060891314684…00883803272958109241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.132 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31320172121782629368…01767606545916218481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.264 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
62640344243565258737…03535213091832436961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.252 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12528068848713051747…07070426183664873921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.505 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25056137697426103494…14140852367329747841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.011 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
50112275394852206989…28281704734659495681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.002 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10022455078970441397…56563409469318991361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.004 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20044910157940882795…13126818938637982721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,776,277 XPM·at block #6,816,518 · updates every 60s
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