Block #105,345

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/8/2013, 11:40:28 AM · Difficulty 9.5819 · 6,712,040 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
65d1ad553bb7d0fbe972e67a9d2f79943a35bfece6c9774a70424b035651821d

Height

#105,345

Difficulty

9.581902

Transactions

8

Size

1.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0994f785

Nonce

111,718

Timestamp

8/8/2013, 11:40:28 AM

Confirmations

6,712,040

Merkle Root

fd6b6f12b9f99c55877c3df61b01b29c390a124222ded90f53269191ce5a4a2a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.642 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76427005094802114422…60246189912014419979
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.642 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76427005094802114422…60246189912014419979
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.642 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76427005094802114422…60246189912014419981
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.528 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15285401018960422884…20492379824028839959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.528 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15285401018960422884…20492379824028839961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.057 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30570802037920845769…40984759648057679919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.057 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30570802037920845769…40984759648057679921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.114 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61141604075841691538…81969519296115359839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.114 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61141604075841691538…81969519296115359841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.222 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12228320815168338307…63939038592230719679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,783,122 XPM·at block #6,817,384 · updates every 60s
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