Block #1,042,618

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/3/2015, 4:48:04 AM · Difficulty 10.7235 · 5,764,462 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
09c4bbab6813fa163f6b50a5cfd41ff40ca50ab02ce6c08b000b2467cd8e5d26

Height

#1,042,618

Difficulty

10.723469

Transactions

7

Size

5.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab93545

Nonce

1,201,854,664

Timestamp

5/3/2015, 4:48:04 AM

Confirmations

5,764,462

Merkle Root

1796f508b4ff61e0fcef20496722a08b37b23dcf12484aeb70e9824b6c70fb53
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74033607831795283440…48430411465384496799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74033607831795283440…48430411465384496799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.403 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
74033607831795283440…48430411465384496801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14806721566359056688…96860822930768993599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.480 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14806721566359056688…96860822930768993601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29613443132718113376…93721645861537987199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.961 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29613443132718113376…93721645861537987201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.922 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59226886265436226752…87443291723075974399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.922 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
59226886265436226752…87443291723075974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11845377253087245350…74886583446151948799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.184 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11845377253087245350…74886583446151948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,700,736 XPM·at block #6,807,079 · updates every 60s
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