Block #103,881

1CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the First Kind · Discovered 8/7/2013, 7:16:04 PM · Difficulty 9.5404 · 6,721,411 confirmations

1CC
Cunningham Chain of the First Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime plus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
21b9196bd63a93c32a7d6ab5cc43fab45482128b99470d7d756c6f86bbbe0c3e

Height

#103,881

Difficulty

9.540407

Transactions

2

Size

360 B

Version

2

Bits

098a5821

Nonce

59,835

Timestamp

8/7/2013, 7:16:04 PM

Confirmations

6,721,411

Merkle Root

3abc68aa089f2ebe389bfc08f32857bbad098eb41ef2483c85681d34e81f9fbe
Transactions (2)
1 in → 1 out10.9800 XPM109 B
1 in → 1 out11.3200 XPM158 B
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.697 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
96973141345440794040…51385765587025623009
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin − 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin − 1
9.697 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
96973141345440794040…51385765587025623009
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
2
2^1 × origin − 1
1.939 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
19394628269088158808…02771531174051246019
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
3
2^2 × origin − 1
3.878 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
38789256538176317616…05543062348102492039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
4
2^3 × origin − 1
7.757 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
77578513076352635232…11086124696204984079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
5
2^4 × origin − 1
1.551 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
15515702615270527046…22172249392409968159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
6
2^5 × origin − 1
3.103 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31031405230541054092…44344498784819936319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
7
2^6 × origin − 1
6.206 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
62062810461082108185…88688997569639872639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
8
2^7 × origin − 1
1.241 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12412562092216421637…77377995139279745279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2+1 →
9
2^8 × origin − 1
2.482 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
24825124184432843274…54755990278559490559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the First Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 1CC formula:

1CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ + 1, p₃ = 2p₂ + 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,846,436 XPM·at block #6,825,291 · updates every 60s
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