Block #1,027,006

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/21/2015, 8:37:43 PM · Difficulty 10.7597 · 5,780,309 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f1bff48527e846b036e3f35868439ce4fe0bd6898b18135bb2242b760d22b900

Height

#1,027,006

Difficulty

10.759725

Transactions

9

Size

6.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac27d5e

Nonce

79,543

Timestamp

4/21/2015, 8:37:43 PM

Confirmations

5,780,309

Merkle Root

56db31e45f86ce2b06ac08d19884364524c090a275054efdc7da4443151caab3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.145 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91454678442602326006…80043888309736733119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.145 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91454678442602326006…80043888309736733119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.145 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91454678442602326006…80043888309736733121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.829 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18290935688520465201…60087776619473466239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.829 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18290935688520465201…60087776619473466241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.658 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36581871377040930402…20175553238946932479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.658 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36581871377040930402…20175553238946932481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.316 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73163742754081860804…40351106477893864959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.316 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
73163742754081860804…40351106477893864961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14632748550816372160…80702212955787729919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14632748550816372160…80702212955787729921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,702,535 XPM·at block #6,807,314 · updates every 60s
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