Block #1,024,363

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/20/2015, 2:05:46 AM · Difficulty 10.7554 · 5,793,263 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
067a73bd5d231d32f317c3eecef77102377effb65df103129747b162271d31ba

Height

#1,024,363

Difficulty

10.755393

Transactions

15

Size

4.99 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac16171

Nonce

1,208,343,267

Timestamp

4/20/2015, 2:05:46 AM

Confirmations

5,793,263

Merkle Root

8b1c8c72998e046d4de7fb754474459dc9d8add7ce27626c68defa8bdb161686
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.758 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17589704415389894391…97645436853768353279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17589704415389894391…97645436853768353279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.758 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17589704415389894391…97645436853768353281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.517 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35179408830779788783…95290873707536706559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.517 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35179408830779788783…95290873707536706561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.035 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70358817661559577567…90581747415073413119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.035 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70358817661559577567…90581747415073413121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14071763532311915513…81163494830146826239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.407 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14071763532311915513…81163494830146826241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.814 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28143527064623831027…62326989660293652479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.814 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28143527064623831027…62326989660293652481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,785,059 XPM·at block #6,817,625 · updates every 60s
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