Block #1,009,921

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/10/2015, 10:53:41 AM · Difficulty 10.7254 · 5,798,837 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b37e464bad8195b44f4bba984ac84e8457fb2fb780545d877e086661231b9b24

Height

#1,009,921

Difficulty

10.725436

Transactions

18

Size

3.83 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab9b628

Nonce

107,974,351

Timestamp

4/10/2015, 10:53:41 AM

Confirmations

5,798,837

Merkle Root

2a28fb5e6907fd3396172940a768cd4c254417973438711c21d12c17c7c0178c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.766 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27668514325809566609…81254811120077166279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.766 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27668514325809566609…81254811120077166279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.766 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27668514325809566609…81254811120077166281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.533 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55337028651619133219…62509622240154332559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.533 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
55337028651619133219…62509622240154332561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.106 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11067405730323826643…25019244480308665119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.106 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11067405730323826643…25019244480308665121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.213 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22134811460647653287…50038488960617330239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.213 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22134811460647653287…50038488960617330241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.426 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44269622921295306575…00076977921234660479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.426 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44269622921295306575…00076977921234660481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,714,113 XPM·at block #6,808,757 · updates every 60s
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