Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,793,978

Block #2,793,978

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/14/2018, 6:58:13 PM · Difficulty 11.6761 · 4,049,097 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fce6944f25590c4eb75d2db037ccedec7831065fae941ee2267b58ec0eda3652

Difficulty

11.676138

Transactions

39

Size

11.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bad1766

Nonce

500,910,623

Timestamp

8/14/2018, 6:58:13 PM

Confirmations

4,049,097

Merkle Root

1b72107eb78b05bb7bdd3c4b7a9e52153819828e7fe14f9cd8dced1f1eea49ae
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.380 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
13804521555513283100…51917543175365507800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
13804521555513283100…51917543175365507799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
13804521555513283100…51917543175365507801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
27609043111026566200…03835086350731015599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.760 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
27609043111026566200…03835086350731015601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
55218086222053132400…07670172701462031199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.521 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
55218086222053132400…07670172701462031201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.104 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11043617244410626480…15340345402924062399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.104 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11043617244410626480…15340345402924062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.208 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22087234488821252960…30680690805848124799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.208 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22087234488821252960…30680690805848124801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.417 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
44174468977642505920…61361381611696249599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2793978

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock fce6944f25590c4eb75d2db037ccedec7831065fae941ee2267b58ec0eda3652

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,793,978 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,988,960 XPM·at block #6,843,074 · updates every 60s
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