Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,646,715

Block #2,646,715

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/3/2018, 12:21:03 PM · Difficulty 11.7535 · 4,192,712 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fbddb856b89b2501a4249aefcdf0fa1614b7371f7db44fe2d2de30e4a8af205a

Difficulty

11.753475

Transactions

5

Size

1.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bc0e3c3

Nonce

185,572,797

Timestamp

5/3/2018, 12:21:03 PM

Confirmations

4,192,712

Merkle Root

157c669ab45845176860a39ba77c2a7d91e6c1cc881d6b70eda9e7bcd4eeea61
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13137430952810215712…91494351712338778880
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13137430952810215712…91494351712338778879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.313 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13137430952810215712…91494351712338778881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.627 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26274861905620431425…82988703424677557759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.627 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
26274861905620431425…82988703424677557761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.254 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52549723811240862851…65977406849355115519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.254 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
52549723811240862851…65977406849355115521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.050 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10509944762248172570…31954813698710231039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.050 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10509944762248172570…31954813698710231041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.101 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21019889524496345140…63909627397420462079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.101 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21019889524496345140…63909627397420462081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.203 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42039779048992690281…27819254794840924159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2646715

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock fbddb856b89b2501a4249aefcdf0fa1614b7371f7db44fe2d2de30e4a8af205a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,646,715 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,959,705 XPM·at block #6,839,426 · updates every 60s
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