Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,851,885

Block #2,851,885

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 9/23/2018, 11:01:35 AM · Difficulty 11.7246 · 3,986,513 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f95abdf8d2f32e9fa718c94576920ac3f6377001867ce356df071fe84237c3c2

Difficulty

11.724581

Transactions

5

Size

1.20 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb97e2c

Nonce

938,684,395

Timestamp

9/23/2018, 11:01:35 AM

Confirmations

3,986,513

Merkle Root

2a81015f5d6141b56d5547d851337479d58af2c6313cc42d55277759f65b39fd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.260 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22603099281878233998…30528969460454489600
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.260 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22603099281878233998…30528969460454489599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.260 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22603099281878233998…30528969460454489601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45206198563756467996…61057938920908979199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.520 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45206198563756467996…61057938920908979201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90412397127512935992…22115877841817958399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90412397127512935992…22115877841817958401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.808 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18082479425502587198…44231755683635916799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.808 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18082479425502587198…44231755683635916801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.616 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36164958851005174396…88463511367271833599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.616 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36164958851005174396…88463511367271833601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.232 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72329917702010348793…76927022734543667199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2851885

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock f95abdf8d2f32e9fa718c94576920ac3f6377001867ce356df071fe84237c3c2

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,851,885 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,951,458 XPM·at block #6,838,397 · updates every 60s
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