Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,480,468

Block #2,480,468

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/19/2018, 2:53:09 PM · Difficulty 10.9664 · 4,365,181 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f79be5a4a88ab0f75a43c7c5c1a30959d6bf24d204482d8590519b801d23cf46

Difficulty

10.966360

Transactions

43

Size

11.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af76366

Nonce

1,631,273,490

Timestamp

1/19/2018, 2:53:09 PM

Confirmations

4,365,181

Merkle Root

68bcd3c02d1216c7e06286ea2bda6e8a4a813e32008a51994c3f894e1c45e130
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.844 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38444852990249478414…97514413450132058240
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.844 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38444852990249478414…97514413450132058239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.844 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38444852990249478414…97514413450132058241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.688 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76889705980498956829…95028826900264116479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.688 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76889705980498956829…95028826900264116481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15377941196099791365…90057653800528232959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15377941196099791365…90057653800528232961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.075 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30755882392199582731…80115307601056465919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.075 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30755882392199582731…80115307601056465921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.151 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61511764784399165463…60230615202112931839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.151 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61511764784399165463…60230615202112931841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12302352956879833092…20461230404225863679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2480468

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock f79be5a4a88ab0f75a43c7c5c1a30959d6bf24d204482d8590519b801d23cf46

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,480,468 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:58,009,641 XPM·at block #6,845,648 · updates every 60s
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