Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,985,097

Block #1,985,097

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 2/16/2017, 1:20:57 AM · Difficulty 10.7411 · 4,857,264 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
efb6c8371dbb5c0d7add65e19cb375b929b5deacebefcd4c57dc5e333ebb5af1

Difficulty

10.741071

Transactions

25

Size

9.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0abdb6d0

Nonce

391,552,715

Timestamp

2/16/2017, 1:20:57 AM

Confirmations

4,857,264

Merkle Root

6456c85dda21a767867c7794c10b7485ac371c31f0cf1b2be96b8786010fc5b3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.790 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17903698522192847754…00256393163575539200
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.790 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17903698522192847754…00256393163575539199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.790 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17903698522192847754…00256393163575539201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.580 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35807397044385695508…00512786327151078399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.580 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35807397044385695508…00512786327151078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.161 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71614794088771391016…01025572654302156799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.161 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71614794088771391016…01025572654302156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.432 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14322958817754278203…02051145308604313599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.432 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14322958817754278203…02051145308604313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.864 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28645917635508556406…04102290617208627199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.864 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28645917635508556406…04102290617208627201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1985097

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock efb6c8371dbb5c0d7add65e19cb375b929b5deacebefcd4c57dc5e333ebb5af1

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,985,097 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,983,296 XPM·at block #6,842,360 · updates every 60s
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