Home/Chain Registry/Block #857,970

Block #857,970

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 12/18/2014, 6:01:42 AM · Difficulty 10.9672 · 5,985,008 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
eae1c07293cbbe899798c60f627391db543f654582554ce6771feeb0bc8c5f2a

Height

#857,970

Difficulty

10.967224

Transactions

5

Size

1.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af79bfd

Nonce

1,883,667,700

Timestamp

12/18/2014, 6:01:42 AM

Confirmations

5,985,008

Merkle Root

00e585c5226c9a33256a8ee41f40e2ef820fc753250e7976b9a2d8561e20159e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.107 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51078316856943648184…49357134903418487200
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.107 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51078316856943648184…49357134903418487201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.021 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10215663371388729636…98714269806836974401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.043 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20431326742777459273…97428539613673948801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.086 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40862653485554918547…94857079227347897601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
8.172 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81725306971109837094…89714158454695795201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.634 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16345061394221967418…79428316909391590401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.269 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32690122788443934837…58856633818783180801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.538 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65380245576887869675…17713267637566361601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.307 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13076049115377573935…35426535275132723201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.615 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26152098230755147870…70853070550265446401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 857970

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock eae1c07293cbbe899798c60f627391db543f654582554ce6771feeb0bc8c5f2a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #857,970 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,988,178 XPM·at block #6,842,977 · updates every 60s
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