Home/Chain Registry/Block #3,283,480

Block #3,283,480

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/27/2019, 6:43:27 AM · Difficulty 10.9948 · 3,548,388 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
df7a9e7170590d1b0ac473f785496e429f9a8b051811564ecb3a628deb07df89

Difficulty

10.994830

Transactions

10

Size

4.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

0afead2e

Nonce

982,971,633

Timestamp

7/27/2019, 6:43:27 AM

Confirmations

3,548,388

Merkle Root

96eb4f5f740392eb937379c386908f925462aea5a54fdb0f22dc7d224cfc82c3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.682 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16828897966293594613…92256638405612216960
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.682 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16828897966293594613…92256638405612216959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.682 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
16828897966293594613…92256638405612216961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.365 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33657795932587189227…84513276811224433919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.365 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
33657795932587189227…84513276811224433921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.731 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
67315591865174378454…69026553622448867839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.731 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
67315591865174378454…69026553622448867841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.346 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13463118373034875690…38053107244897735679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.346 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
13463118373034875690…38053107244897735681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.692 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26926236746069751381…76106214489795471359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.692 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
26926236746069751381…76106214489795471361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.385 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
53852473492139502763…52212428979590942719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 3283480

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock df7a9e7170590d1b0ac473f785496e429f9a8b051811564ecb3a628deb07df89

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #3,283,480 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,899,068 XPM·at block #6,831,867 · updates every 60s
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