Home/Chain Registry/Block #212,448

Block #212,448

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/16/2013, 7:20:02 AM · Difficulty 9.9189 · 6,600,297 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
da84921b055a110b065054c0f7601865c25a2d865fa7d4ee4a1fe0f4ab93c3fa

Height

#212,448

Difficulty

9.918903

Transactions

6

Size

1.59 KB

Version

2

Bits

09eb3d3c

Nonce

93,982

Timestamp

10/16/2013, 7:20:02 AM

Confirmations

6,600,297

Merkle Root

74ae3470faf962500eb672878455ffe8212d08e6810886244a6538010fe77078
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.579 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75791344030109747876…47952523404124017280
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.579 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
75791344030109747876…47952523404124017281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.515 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15158268806021949575…95905046808248034561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.031 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30316537612043899150…91810093616496069121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.063 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60633075224087798300…83620187232992138241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.212 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12126615044817559660…67240374465984276481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.425 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24253230089635119320…34480748931968552961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.850 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48506460179270238640…68961497863937105921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.701 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97012920358540477281…37922995727874211841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.940 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19402584071708095456…75845991455748423681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 212448

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock da84921b055a110b065054c0f7601865c25a2d865fa7d4ee4a1fe0f4ab93c3fa

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #212,448 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,746,003 XPM·at block #6,812,744 · updates every 60s
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