Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,863,470

Block #2,863,470

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 10/2/2018, 2:10:54 AM · Difficulty 11.6747 · 3,973,707 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d8e64a949b21d6e6a8d64133cb0d9135aa02ac19fd35c02062960cbb5d5ac4d8

Difficulty

11.674712

Transactions

9

Size

3.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bacb9e8

Nonce

161,920,090

Timestamp

10/2/2018, 2:10:54 AM

Confirmations

3,973,707

Merkle Root

193bad1691ec046917d28ca5168b13a07b81b3d528971e358077d619567120b7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.418 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24182440311125341278…13173111375085350780
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.418 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24182440311125341278…13173111375085350779
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.418 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24182440311125341278…13173111375085350781
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.836 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48364880622250682556…26346222750170701559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.836 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
48364880622250682556…26346222750170701561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.672 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96729761244501365113…52692445500341403119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.672 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
96729761244501365113…52692445500341403121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19345952248900273022…05384891000682806239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19345952248900273022…05384891000682806241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.869 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38691904497800546045…10769782001365612479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.869 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
38691904497800546045…10769782001365612481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.738 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
77383808995601092090…21539564002731224959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2863470

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock d8e64a949b21d6e6a8d64133cb0d9135aa02ac19fd35c02062960cbb5d5ac4d8

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,863,470 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,941,731 XPM·at block #6,837,176 · updates every 60s
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