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Block #238,173

2CCLength 9β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind Β· Discovered 11/1/2013, 10:23:42 AM Β· Difficulty 9.9516 Β· 6,576,202 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d5457d328e05b219993efdc56df98350cbe1189b899671cc40014c71d11f8f35
View on Chainz β†—

Height

#238,173

Difficulty

9.951581

Transactions

1

Size

206 B

Version

2

Bits

09f39acb

Nonce

711

Timestamp

11/1/2013, 10:23:42 AM

Confirmations

6,576,202

Merkle Root

daff00955d776ffeba56e22d0e3f18e20526f20726dfcf5ae1f0d2b749379dfa
Transactions (1)
Coinbasedaff00955d776f…f0d2b749379dfa
1 in β†’ 1 out10.0800 XPM116 B
AcLBm5Z9…S683d7c3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) β€” it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.606 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
16068112884418349036…68170582881235574560
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k Γ— origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.606 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
16068112884418349036…68170582881235574561
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
2
2^1 Γ— origin + 1
3.213 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
32136225768836698073…36341165762471149121
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
3
2^2 Γ— origin + 1
6.427 Γ— 10⁹⁡(96-digit number)
64272451537673396146…72682331524942298241
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
4
2^3 Γ— origin + 1
1.285 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
12854490307534679229…45364663049884596481
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
5
2^4 Γ— origin + 1
2.570 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
25708980615069358458…90729326099769192961
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
6
2^5 Γ— origin + 1
5.141 Γ— 10⁹⁢(97-digit number)
51417961230138716916…81458652199538385921
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
7
2^6 Γ— origin + 1
1.028 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10283592246027743383…62917304399076771841
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
8
2^7 Γ— origin + 1
2.056 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20567184492055486766…25834608798153543681
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Γ—2βˆ’1 β†’
9
2^8 Γ— origin + 1
4.113 Γ— 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41134368984110973533…51669217596307087361
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin β€” the large number shown above β€” anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page β†’
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†β˜†
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Γ— 3 Γ— 5 Γ— 7 Γ— …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial β€” that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Γ— Primorial (2Β·3Β·5Β·7Β·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp β€” CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors β€” those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), pβ‚‚ = 2p₁ βˆ’ 1, p₃ = 2pβ‚‚ βˆ’ 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 238173

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock d5457d328e05b219993efdc56df98350cbe1189b899671cc40014c71d11f8f35

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help β†’ Debug Window β†’ Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #238,173 on Chainz β†—
Circulating Supply:57,759,059 XPMΒ·at block #6,814,374 Β· updates every 60s
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