Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,176,751

Block #2,176,751

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/25/2017, 4:22:32 AM · Difficulty 10.9209 · 4,667,312 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d517262c8c77879b13f6994377a4eec364a05b8d289d8d740400ceea464a6915

Difficulty

10.920905

Transactions

5

Size

1.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0aebc075

Nonce

1,385,366,627

Timestamp

6/25/2017, 4:22:32 AM

Confirmations

4,667,312

Merkle Root

fc169b42717c7a2ab1dcc89f96de9a564ff368036cc9e6ed5dc46ed299aa0e68
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.026 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10269013726388077049…91759015739881102400
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10269013726388077049…91759015739881102399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10269013726388077049…91759015739881102401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.053 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20538027452776154098…83518031479762204799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.053 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20538027452776154098…83518031479762204801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.107 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41076054905552308196…67036062959524409599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.107 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41076054905552308196…67036062959524409601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82152109811104616392…34072125919048819199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.215 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
82152109811104616392…34072125919048819201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.643 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16430421962220923278…68144251838097638399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.643 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16430421962220923278…68144251838097638401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.286 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
32860843924441846556…36288503676195276799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2176751

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock d517262c8c77879b13f6994377a4eec364a05b8d289d8d740400ceea464a6915

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,176,751 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,996,877 XPM·at block #6,844,062 · updates every 60s
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