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Block #488,033

TWNLength 10β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Β· Discovered 4/12/2014, 12:09:36 PM Β· Difficulty 10.6473 Β· 6,324,597 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d4845f4e252e03100dfaa4d11894537f45b5145880b0034930d456c494b0b910
View on Chainz β†—

Height

#488,033

Difficulty

10.647288

Transactions

1

Size

208 B

Version

2

Bits

0aa5b4a4

Nonce

584,752,626

Timestamp

4/12/2014, 12:09:36 PM

Confirmations

6,324,597

Merkle Root

096b6733215c410af38cd638806e0302012c66ab2e3c181cbb2d35ea1bc9d879
Transactions (1)
Coinbase096b6733215c41…2d35ea1bc9d879
1 in β†’ 1 out8.8100 XPM116 B
AbwWkWZt…kawDhufa
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) β€” it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.472 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24721676060446952083…92313145979295322080
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Γ— origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 β€” Twin Prime Pair (origin Β± 1)
origin βˆ’ 1
2.472 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24721676060446952083…92313145979295322079
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
origin + 1
2.472 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24721676060446952083…92313145979295322081
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: origin + 1 βˆ’ origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 1 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
4.944 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49443352120893904167…84626291958590644159
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^1 Γ— origin + 1
4.944 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49443352120893904167…84626291958590644161
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^1 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^1 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 2 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
9.888 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
98886704241787808335…69252583917181288319
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^2 Γ— origin + 1
9.888 Γ— 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
98886704241787808335…69252583917181288321
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^2 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^2 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 3 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
1.977 Γ— 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19777340848357561667…38505167834362576639
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^3 Γ— origin + 1
1.977 Γ— 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19777340848357561667…38505167834362576641
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^3 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^3 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)
Level 4 β€” Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Γ— origin Β± 1)
2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1
3.955 Γ— 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39554681696715123334…77010335668725153279
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
2^4 Γ— origin + 1
3.955 Γ— 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39554681696715123334…77010335668725153281
Verify on FactorDB β†—Wolfram Alpha β†—
Difference: 2^4 Γ— origin + 1 βˆ’ 2^4 Γ— origin βˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes βœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin β€” the large number shown above β€” anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page β†’
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Γ— 3 Γ— 5 Γ— 7 Γ— …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial β€” that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Γ— Primorial (2Β·3Β·5Β·7Β·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp β€” CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors β€” those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial βˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 488033

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock d4845f4e252e03100dfaa4d11894537f45b5145880b0034930d456c494b0b910

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help β†’ Debug Window β†’ Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #488,033 on Chainz β†—
Circulating Supply:57,745,077 XPMΒ·at block #6,812,629 Β· updates every 60s
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AQZeJoQ81VgeHQBpEYTgvNqV1gnz3L5SvK

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