Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,901,634

Block #1,901,634

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/19/2016, 10:57:13 AM · Difficulty 10.7815 · 4,923,284 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d1c41f5c8ff71d666c197845024e76bc5055a32b3c7e6c141e9cdde9753fb9e3

Difficulty

10.781534

Transactions

38

Size

13.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ac8129f

Nonce

1,318,925,508

Timestamp

12/19/2016, 10:57:13 AM

Confirmations

4,923,284

Merkle Root

696ea454ccf735d7e3511b4e50bfd2780e3472739b92759640d56630eecf3d10
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58670462164243226028…66007174644377081600
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58670462164243226028…66007174644377081599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.867 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58670462164243226028…66007174644377081601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.173 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11734092432848645205…32014349288754163199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.173 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11734092432848645205…32014349288754163201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.346 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23468184865697290411…64028698577508326399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.346 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
23468184865697290411…64028698577508326401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46936369731394580822…28057397155016652799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.693 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
46936369731394580822…28057397155016652801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.387 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93872739462789161645…56114794310033305599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.387 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
93872739462789161645…56114794310033305601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1901634

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock d1c41f5c8ff71d666c197845024e76bc5055a32b3c7e6c141e9cdde9753fb9e3

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,901,634 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,843,421 XPM·at block #6,824,917 · updates every 60s
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