Home/Chain Registry/Block #856,815

Block #856,815

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/17/2014, 9:05:29 AM · Difficulty 10.9678 · 5,985,804 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd9a208c6259409a6ae0cd37321963f1c3b6ab339c3bc6f5f4f2d2a3367cc7d4

Height

#856,815

Difficulty

10.967826

Transactions

9

Size

2.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7c373

Nonce

1,699,028

Timestamp

12/17/2014, 9:05:29 AM

Confirmations

5,985,804

Merkle Root

30971d21aaf7178ba7b10e800d1af31723a7f3ea845d329e6b4f0a059356b975
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.688 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16887918243277280606…98723163498377312950
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.688 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16887918243277280606…98723163498377312949
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.688 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16887918243277280606…98723163498377312951
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.377 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33775836486554561212…97446326996754625899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.377 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
33775836486554561212…97446326996754625901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.755 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67551672973109122424…94892653993509251799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.755 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
67551672973109122424…94892653993509251801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.351 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13510334594621824484…89785307987018503599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.351 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13510334594621824484…89785307987018503601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.702 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27020669189243648969…79570615974037007199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.702 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27020669189243648969…79570615974037007201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 856815

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock cd9a208c6259409a6ae0cd37321963f1c3b6ab339c3bc6f5f4f2d2a3367cc7d4

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #856,815 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,985,383 XPM·at block #6,842,618 · updates every 60s
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