Home/Chain Registry/Block #353,554

Block #353,554

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2014, 12:23:21 AM · Difficulty 10.3287 · 6,472,782 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c5e0f510d720208eadbaba7d42a9074b72e9b3f59c228c668311488de8d9a3a2

Height

#353,554

Difficulty

10.328650

Transactions

9

Size

2.40 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a542270

Nonce

1,664

Timestamp

1/11/2014, 12:23:21 AM

Confirmations

6,472,782

Merkle Root

c4b8959e9fe3aba7b3dbd8aef5a9bc10a1ee53c6da7cd174c912d4cd35a1bd3d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.385 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13854510180976932936…35384713508143820800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.385 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13854510180976932936…35384713508143820799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.385 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
13854510180976932936…35384713508143820801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.770 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27709020361953865873…70769427016287641599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.770 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
27709020361953865873…70769427016287641601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.541 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
55418040723907731747…41538854032575283199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.541 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
55418040723907731747…41538854032575283201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.108 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11083608144781546349…83077708065150566399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.108 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
11083608144781546349…83077708065150566401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.216 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22167216289563092698…66155416130301132799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.216 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
22167216289563092698…66155416130301132801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 353554

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock c5e0f510d720208eadbaba7d42a9074b72e9b3f59c228c668311488de8d9a3a2

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #353,554 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,854,830 XPM·at block #6,826,335 · updates every 60s
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