Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,267,437

Block #2,267,437

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/25/2017, 2:41:38 PM · Difficulty 10.9518 · 4,573,355 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c3d2cc7743c193be246b138341e7378fa21b334d22dcaabb248a28a767edc82e

Difficulty

10.951792

Transactions

5

Size

1.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3a89d

Nonce

512,541,045

Timestamp

8/25/2017, 2:41:38 PM

Confirmations

4,573,355

Merkle Root

e2c71059eadf0c09e764167d5899254798fb99c38db45a2caffa6e042f011a49
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44782457158794343708…47999393349187788800
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44782457158794343708…47999393349187788799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.478 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
44782457158794343708…47999393349187788801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.956 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89564914317588687417…95998786698375577599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.956 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
89564914317588687417…95998786698375577601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17912982863517737483…91997573396751155199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17912982863517737483…91997573396751155201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.582 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35825965727035474966…83995146793502310399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.582 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35825965727035474966…83995146793502310401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71651931454070949933…67990293587004620799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
71651931454070949933…67990293587004620801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.433 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14330386290814189986…35980587174009241599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2267437

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock c3d2cc7743c193be246b138341e7378fa21b334d22dcaabb248a28a767edc82e

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,267,437 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,970,683 XPM·at block #6,840,791 · updates every 60s
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