Home/Chain Registry/Block #438,146

Block #438,146

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 3/10/2014, 7:06:51 PM · Difficulty 10.3597 · 6,378,726 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c1724ca57906aa648779cf8df8afa794ec85570fdee15ff42182afa13ab13d0c

Height

#438,146

Difficulty

10.359679

Transactions

15

Size

4.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a5c13e7

Nonce

739

Timestamp

3/10/2014, 7:06:51 PM

Confirmations

6,378,726

Merkle Root

79799ec8b8b2a7f7594b0a9e495a043cbc6cfee2ccfcbb6ab917a8164c904885
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.041 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10417101433939794641…92029899939364925440
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.041 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10417101433939794641…92029899939364925441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.083 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
20834202867879589283…84059799878729850881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.166 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
41668405735759178566…68119599757459701761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.333 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
83336811471518357133…36239199514919403521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.666 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
16667362294303671426…72478399029838807041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.333 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
33334724588607342853…44956798059677614081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.666 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
66669449177214685706…89913596119355228161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.333 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13333889835442937141…79827192238710456321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.666 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26667779670885874282…59654384477420912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.333 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
53335559341771748565…19308768954841825281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 438146

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock c1724ca57906aa648779cf8df8afa794ec85570fdee15ff42182afa13ab13d0c

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #438,146 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,779,014 XPM·at block #6,816,871 · updates every 60s
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