Home/Chain Registry/Block #857,811

Block #857,811

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/18/2014, 2:58:25 AM · Difficulty 10.9674 · 5,985,427 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b5b2abc5a592f41b6c3a2a08b001a45ddda5ceb5fc5bb9b41b1e32be4accb050

Height

#857,811

Difficulty

10.967374

Transactions

17

Size

6.17 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7a5cc

Nonce

181,394,465

Timestamp

12/18/2014, 2:58:25 AM

Confirmations

5,985,427

Merkle Root

176486021bc7eebbb646e5b6b613515e8502791ad2c4c839eb7e0935893059ac
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.532 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75326853572820258927…55587152306185154560
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.532 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75326853572820258927…55587152306185154559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.532 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75326853572820258927…55587152306185154561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15065370714564051785…11174304612370309119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15065370714564051785…11174304612370309121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30130741429128103570…22348609224740618239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30130741429128103570…22348609224740618241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60261482858256207141…44697218449481236479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60261482858256207141…44697218449481236481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.205 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12052296571651241428…89394436898962472959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.205 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12052296571651241428…89394436898962472961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 857811

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock b5b2abc5a592f41b6c3a2a08b001a45ddda5ceb5fc5bb9b41b1e32be4accb050

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #857,811 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,990,278 XPM·at block #6,843,237 · updates every 60s
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