Home/Chain Registry/Block #199,271

Block #199,271

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 10/8/2013, 6:45:21 AM · Difficulty 9.8871 · 6,601,048 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
aa6544be49d8bbedd4cb63552324f7449c5adec64449dacc471ab52b9c3bfb7a

Height

#199,271

Difficulty

9.887106

Transactions

11

Size

4.33 KB

Version

2

Bits

09e3195b

Nonce

169,210

Timestamp

10/8/2013, 6:45:21 AM

Confirmations

6,601,048

Merkle Root

55e106605417b2f9e3bbd6f784b9aa7de405c1c07bf1af30cc4a0dd35b67fcbc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.112 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11127907562627147114…81029816305919404480
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.112 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11127907562627147114…81029816305919404481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.225 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
22255815125254294229…62059632611838808961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.451 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
44511630250508588459…24119265223677617921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.902 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
89023260501017176918…48238530447355235841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.780 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
17804652100203435383…96477060894710471681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.560 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
35609304200406870767…92954121789420943361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.121 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71218608400813741534…85908243578841886721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.424 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14243721680162748306…71816487157683773441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.848 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28487443360325496613…43632974315367546881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 199271

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock aa6544be49d8bbedd4cb63552324f7449c5adec64449dacc471ab52b9c3bfb7a

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #199,271 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,646,617 XPM·at block #6,800,318 · updates every 60s
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