Home/Chain Registry/Block #563,660

Block #563,660

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/27/2014, 2:41:39 AM · Difficulty 10.9648 · 6,250,215 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a684bc51a3d7230c428c27586e1fc0eb3e721e6fc61cab7e762a5fc3193a7e5b

Height

#563,660

Difficulty

10.964804

Transactions

6

Size

1.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af6fd63

Nonce

858,695,637

Timestamp

5/27/2014, 2:41:39 AM

Confirmations

6,250,215

Merkle Root

37970190b78f4aa3775d19a85cbbdcf2dc3970e682fc6a30967fa096c4e4c397
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.276 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12765406817833456617…68878246988816302080
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.276 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12765406817833456617…68878246988816302081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.553 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25530813635666913235…37756493977632604161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.106 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
51061627271333826471…75512987955265208321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.021 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10212325454266765294…51025975910530416641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.042 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
20424650908533530588…02051951821060833281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.084 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
40849301817067061177…04103903642121666561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.169 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
81698603634134122354…08207807284243333121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.633 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
16339720726826824470…16415614568486666241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.267 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
32679441453653648941…32831229136973332481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.535 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
65358882907307297883…65662458273946664961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 563660

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock a684bc51a3d7230c428c27586e1fc0eb3e721e6fc61cab7e762a5fc3193a7e5b

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #563,660 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,755,074 XPM·at block #6,813,874 · updates every 60s
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