Home/Chain Registry/Block #851,902

Block #851,902

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/13/2014, 3:53:35 PM · Difficulty 10.9704 · 5,988,798 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a2b0e9fe112fcaae59b339bd9198b2143f9f751f122b9d023834b4222d377032

Height

#851,902

Difficulty

10.970367

Transactions

10

Size

2.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af869f2

Nonce

336,835,477

Timestamp

12/13/2014, 3:53:35 PM

Confirmations

5,988,798

Merkle Root

13e85ed8f82a0e61d156a3ce9b6bb18e01dfb0a544bd2d79483cf9f14249b861
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.762 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77624074851473079296…72058787946140282880
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.762 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77624074851473079296…72058787946140282879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.762 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77624074851473079296…72058787946140282881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.552 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15524814970294615859…44117575892280565759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.552 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15524814970294615859…44117575892280565761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.104 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31049629940589231718…88235151784561131519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.104 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31049629940589231718…88235151784561131521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.209 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62099259881178463437…76470303569122263039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.209 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62099259881178463437…76470303569122263041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.241 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12419851976235692687…52940607138244526079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.241 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12419851976235692687…52940607138244526081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.483 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24839703952471385374…05881214276489052159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 851902

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock a2b0e9fe112fcaae59b339bd9198b2143f9f751f122b9d023834b4222d377032

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #851,902 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,969,940 XPM·at block #6,840,699 · updates every 60s
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