Home/Chain Registry/Block #857,536

Block #857,536

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 12/17/2014, 10:05:55 PM · Difficulty 10.9675 · 5,982,035 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a21cd18386c555c52bd36ac9c6ebf2fe09cffc24c005feb9bdf1d96975e2fb2c

Height

#857,536

Difficulty

10.967470

Transactions

13

Size

3.35 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af7ac20

Nonce

95,622,413

Timestamp

12/17/2014, 10:05:55 PM

Confirmations

5,982,035

Merkle Root

91c52a99d73529ab80e4b92e0ac64e55a71a5089ca5bdff9c456f152d7063f8f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.830 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28300155542284590827…37902546199628840960
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.830 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28300155542284590827…37902546199628840959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.830 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
28300155542284590827…37902546199628840961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.660 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
56600311084569181655…75805092399257681919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.660 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
56600311084569181655…75805092399257681921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.132 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11320062216913836331…51610184798515363839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.132 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
11320062216913836331…51610184798515363841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.264 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22640124433827672662…03220369597030727679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.264 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
22640124433827672662…03220369597030727681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.528 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45280248867655345324…06440739194061455359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.528 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
45280248867655345324…06440739194061455361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 857536

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock a21cd18386c555c52bd36ac9c6ebf2fe09cffc24c005feb9bdf1d96975e2fb2c

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #857,536 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,960,853 XPM·at block #6,839,570 · updates every 60s
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