Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,468,540

Block #2,468,540

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/11/2018, 9:33:20 PM · Difficulty 10.9601 · 4,372,869 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9db677e02f23509afb161bcd4846a7357f75785e81b4605d967a6b5301cdfdd9

Difficulty

10.960106

Transactions

16

Size

3.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af5c97e

Nonce

754,377,595

Timestamp

1/11/2018, 9:33:20 PM

Confirmations

4,372,869

Merkle Root

595166f07a96d08dc0b4cf12493c38e8bf6d861cb24a4b0a49f5471deab7ee65
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.067 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20676015488475859753…00468865170609269760
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.067 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20676015488475859753…00468865170609269759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.067 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20676015488475859753…00468865170609269761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.135 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41352030976951719506…00937730341218539519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.135 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41352030976951719506…00937730341218539521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.270 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82704061953903439012…01875460682437079039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.270 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82704061953903439012…01875460682437079041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16540812390780687802…03750921364874158079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.654 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16540812390780687802…03750921364874158081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33081624781561375605…07501842729748316159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.308 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33081624781561375605…07501842729748316161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
6.616 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
66163249563122751210…15003685459496632319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2468540

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 9db677e02f23509afb161bcd4846a7357f75785e81b4605d967a6b5301cdfdd9

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,468,540 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,975,646 XPM·at block #6,841,408 · updates every 60s
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