Home/Chain Registry/Block #2,456,118

Block #2,456,118

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 1/3/2018, 7:22:01 PM · Difficulty 10.9531 · 4,387,340 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9caacf5c5cc08a4ecdb73a4cf1064a870cc6cc9a97c9b52c2bf0e69352647a2f

Difficulty

10.953107

Transactions

49

Size

14.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0af3fecc

Nonce

1,310,954,979

Timestamp

1/3/2018, 7:22:01 PM

Confirmations

4,387,340

Merkle Root

f1677f84b6b3099508d2125bffc567ae683d6afa11cb1697824770337bec22f8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.237 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12370762463229322881…72876867587613863000
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.237 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12370762463229322881…72876867587613862999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.237 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12370762463229322881…72876867587613863001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.474 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24741524926458645762…45753735175227725999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.474 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24741524926458645762…45753735175227726001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.948 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49483049852917291525…91507470350455451999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.948 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49483049852917291525…91507470350455452001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.896 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98966099705834583050…83014940700910903999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.896 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98966099705834583050…83014940700910904001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.979 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19793219941166916610…66029881401821807999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.979 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19793219941166916610…66029881401821808001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.958 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39586439882333833220…32059762803643615999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 2456118

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 9caacf5c5cc08a4ecdb73a4cf1064a870cc6cc9a97c9b52c2bf0e69352647a2f

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #2,456,118 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,992,032 XPM·at block #6,843,457 · updates every 60s
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