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Block #194

TWNLength 7★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/7/2013, 9:25:53 PM · Difficulty 7.0045 · 6,788,801 confirmations

TWN

Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header

Block Hash

98ea27382c94b854fc808305717a91d7d3f893481bceeeda6fb077d4b96b824c

View on Chainz ↗

Height

#194

Difficulty

7.004483

Transactions

Size

203 B

Version

Bits

070125c8

Nonce

560

Timestamp

7/7/2013, 9:25:53 PM

Confirmations

6,788,801

Merkle Root

72d0c54c06bbff9eb66e3d4983327dfa2416f65e121afeed156d8620aff86904

Transactions (1)

Coinbase72d0c54c06bbff…6d8620aff86904

1 in → 1 out20.3600 XPM108 B

ASFhUJ6b…7hQNrr4C

Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.780 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)

57801066807351583454…96350308087998341250

Discovered Prime Numbers

Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)

origin − 1

5.780 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)

57801066807351583454…96350308087998341249

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

origin + 1

5.780 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)

57801066807351583454…96350308087998341251

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)

2^1 × origin − 1

1.156 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)

11560213361470316690…92700616175996682499

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^1 × origin + 1

1.156 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)

11560213361470316690…92700616175996682501

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)

2^2 × origin − 1

2.312 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)

23120426722940633381…85401232351993364999

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

2^2 × origin + 1

2.312 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)

23120426722940633381…85401232351993365001

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)

2^3 × origin − 1

4.624 × 10¹⁰⁷(108-digit number)

46240853445881266763…70802464703986729999

Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 7 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →

★☆☆☆☆

Rarity

CommonChain length 7

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)

Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1

Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height

getblockhash 194

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data

getblock 98ea27382c94b854fc808305717a91d7d3f893481bceeeda6fb077d4b96b824c

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #194 on Chainz ↗