Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,866,270

Block #1,866,270

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2016, 2:08:15 AM · Difficulty 10.6917 · 4,979,378 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
98825e012bf7569d62c7770c4341b09fee4acc2c3d26641059037c91300d9d7d

Difficulty

10.691698

Transactions

5

Size

8.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ab11318

Nonce

616,353,279

Timestamp

11/26/2016, 2:08:15 AM

Confirmations

4,979,378

Merkle Root

4ad4bf83e317184e16aef8fd12ef9ed1b65dce135fdaaac33bd4af10f69add77
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.048 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10489215661647360900…18737373805016110000
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.048 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10489215661647360900…18737373805016109999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.048 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10489215661647360900…18737373805016110001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.097 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20978431323294721800…37474747610032219999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.097 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20978431323294721800…37474747610032220001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.195 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41956862646589443601…74949495220064439999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.195 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
41956862646589443601…74949495220064440001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.391 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
83913725293178887202…49898990440128879999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.391 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
83913725293178887202…49898990440128880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.678 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16782745058635777440…99797980880257759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.678 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
16782745058635777440…99797980880257760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1866270

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 98825e012bf7569d62c7770c4341b09fee4acc2c3d26641059037c91300d9d7d

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,866,270 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:58,009,633 XPM·at block #6,845,647 · updates every 60s
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