Home/Chain Registry/Block #1,610,850

Block #1,610,850

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/2/2016, 10:50:47 AM · Difficulty 10.6055 · 5,229,545 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
95c8aad1f9967716f3d9c9f5198d8d6aaa455f926ebdf9e3d221ce747002e188

Difficulty

10.605520

Transactions

30

Size

11.51 KB

Version

2

Bits

0a9b035e

Nonce

14,395,125

Timestamp

6/2/2016, 10:50:47 AM

Confirmations

5,229,545

Merkle Root

c7519739ba2a25d974d8474c88a469f8cd99355513d3c402cfe1295aa6c04775
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.426 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34263333416057345275…12512042335063995840
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.426 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34263333416057345275…12512042335063995839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.426 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
34263333416057345275…12512042335063995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.852 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
68526666832114690550…25024084670127991679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.852 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
68526666832114690550…25024084670127991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.370 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13705333366422938110…50048169340255983359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.370 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13705333366422938110…50048169340255983361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.741 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27410666732845876220…00096338680511966719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.741 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
27410666732845876220…00096338680511966721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.482 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54821333465691752440…00192677361023933439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.482 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
54821333465691752440…00192677361023933441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.096 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10964266693138350488…00385354722047866879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

View full Prime Chain Discovery page →
★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11
How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Verify on a Primecoin Node

Anyone running a Primecoin node can independently verify this block using the following RPC commands. Run these from the primecoin-cli command line or via the debug console in the Primecoin wallet.

1. Get block hash by height
getblockhash 1610850

Returns the block hash for a given block height. Use this to confirm the hash shown above matches the chain.

2. Get full block data
getblock 95c8aad1f9967716f3d9c9f5198d8d6aaa455f926ebdf9e3d221ce747002e188

Returns the full block header including difficulty, prime chain origin, prime chain type, transaction IDs, and all other fields shown on this page.

How to run these commands: To verify this data independently, open a terminal on your own Primecoin node and run primecoin-cli <command>. Alternatively, open the Primecoin-Qt wallet, go to Help → Debug Window → Console, and type the command directly. The node must be fully synced to this block height for the commands to return results.

Cross-reference on Chainz Explorer

Chainz is an independent Primecoin block explorer. Compare this block's data to verify accuracy.

View Block #1,610,850 on Chainz ↗
Circulating Supply:57,967,481 XPM·at block #6,840,394 · updates every 60s
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